Maritime Terms

Definition of Bill of Lading
A document that the carrier or his agent issues upon delivery of the goods, and indicates the carriage of a certain item from one point (from the origin of the carriage) to another point (delivery destination) with the agreed carrier (ship, train, truck, airplane or A combination of them) versus a certain fare.

Typical shipping logs in transit
The type of bill of lading is determined according to the type of device used. In other words, given that different goods are shipped with different equipment, different billboards are used, the most common of which are as follows:
Marine Bill of Lading: Shipping (Ocean / Marine Bill Of Lading)
Airline Bill
• Railway Bill
Letter of Credit
National Bill of Lading: By Freight, By Train, By Ship (Through Bill Of Lading)
Combined Transport Bill Of Lading

Ocean / Marine Bill Of Lading
A document issued by the shipping company or its agent against the receipt of the goods and the payment of which is specified for carriage, and if the goods are loaded on a specified vessel for transportation to a specified destination, the bill of lading will be issued on-Board. In this bill of lading the full specifications of the load are signed and signed by the commander of the ship, under which the obligation is to be shipped by the ship to the destination for delivery and delivery of the receiver

Marine License
Direct Invoice (Direct B \ L)
A bill of lading stating that the goods are shipped from origin to destination without modifying the means of transport, implying the direct shipping of the goods to the consignee

Global Billing (Through B \ L)
A bill of lading stating that the goods are shipped from a seller’s country to the final destination by a vehicle (ship, truck, etc)

Marine License (Regular Marine Services) (Liner B \ L)
This bill of lading is issued for shipments that have a specific motion program and travel through specific routes. Companies that carry out such shipment are subject to certain regulations and have a specific rate

Charter B \ L
A bill of lading is issued for shipments shipped with a chartered ship and the carriage of goods under this bill is subject to a charter contract. This bill of exchange is not accepted by the banks in the documentary credit unless it is contractually agreed (when the age of the ships passes through 15 years, they become rented ship)

Air Way Bill
The license is issued in 12 versions, of which three are original and the rest are used for internal parts of the airline

Original version for carrier or exporter
Second Principal Edition for Consignee
(Third Principal Version for Sender (For Shipper
The air waybill is a receipt, and the tradable document or the ownership document is not counting on its own, and the owner of the goods, upon receipt of such a bill of lading and arrival of the goods destined for the relevant airline, shall refer the delivery order and the delivery order. Receives
In the air waybill, there must be a flight date and a flight number along with the airline’s stamp so that the owner of the goods becomes aware of the date of arrival of the goods

Bill of lading operation (B / L)
A document is a document signed by the carrier or its agent indicating that the goods, the type, quantity and conditions of which are listed, are shipped for carriage or shipped on a ship calling at a specified destination. The bill of lading is the receipt of the goods and expresses the terms and conditions under which the goods are shipped
The bill of lading serves as a key document for shipping and shipping. Including

(Represents a contract of carriage (Evidence of contract of carriage
The receipt of goods (The receipt of goods)
Document of title to the goods
Therefore, it’s important to pay attention to the notes on the bill of lading
– The bill of lading indicates that the goods or the load for delivery to the designated destination have been delivered to the carrier and the terms to which the shipment is carried out shall be specified in detail or by reference to the reference
– Indicates that the carrier has delivered the load
– Ownership document: A document authorizing the holder to deliver the load from the carrier upon arrival of the ship to the destination. The bill also allows the holder, under the terms of the carriage contract, to claim damages in the event of lack of goods or damage to the goods. According to the law, the bill of lading is equal to the ownership of the goods. That is, the holder is the owner of the goods
If the bill of lading is “Negotiable”, it means tradable and transferable, and everyone who owns it is the owner of the goods. If it is “Non-negotiable”, it is non-negotiable and transferable to another; it is usually backed up and has only one owner whose name is mentioned
Types of Marine Bars

A) in terms of the position of goods
(Shipping Marine Bill of Lading (B / L Shipped Bill of Lading
Indicate that the goods have been shipped by the warehouse keeper and shipped to the ship. On such a bill of lading, the words “Shipped” or “On Board” are indicated
Received for Shipment B / L
Indicate that the goods have been shipped to the carrier but not loaded by the carrier. In practice, banks will refuse to accept such a bill unless it is accepted in the contract between the buyer and the seller
B) In terms of the number of means of transport

Direct Bill of Lading
It is used to carry goods from a port to another port without changing the ship and sending directly the goods to the receiver
Combined Bill of Lading

For the carriage of goods with more than one type of means of transport, it is used for multimodal transport. The exporter of this type of bill of lading, the multimodal transport operator, is responsible for the shipment from the time the goods are received to the delivery.
Explanation: Under the influence of the shipping method, non-Vessel Operating Carrier (NVOC) or non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) groups entered the transport activity. These carriers will issue a bill of lading for the carriage of goods by ship or by hand, neither owned by it nor operated by the carrier, and is primarily engaged in the carriage of goods by container. Because the expansion of the use of container to transport goods has expanded and facilitated combined shipments. Shipper shipping, which today includes most of the Liner Shipping business, is shipping, ship management and cargo management. Meanwhile, he owns the ship and owns the containers. With the advent of NVOCCs, the way forward is to make shippers manage ship management only and manage container and cargo handling by NVOCCs.

Through Bill of Lady
Such is a compound bill, but this type of bill of lading is issued when a loop of the transport chain is necessarily maritime
C) In terms of the goods being shipped

Clear Bill of Lading Bill of Lading
If the bill of lading contains no defective goods or packaging and no attachment is included in the bill, the bill of lading is called clean or unconfined or unconditional. The bill must, of course, contain these conditions. Otherwise it loses its worth. On such a bill of lading, this statement shall be made:
Received in an apparent good order and condition

Missed Maritime Bill
It explicitly addresses the defect and defect of the product or its packaging. In lending transactions, banks refuse to accept misleading “Claused” bills of lading

D) For the type of transportation service
Bill of Lading under the Liner Bill of Lading
This type of bill of lading is issued for ship shipments that have a specific motion plan and follow certain paths (same lines lines)

The Bill of Lading under the Charter Party Bill of Lading
For goods shipped with rented ships. Carriage of cargo under this type of bill of lading is subject to a charter contract (lease). For example, a person will rent a ship for a long period of time, and he himself, who rents a ship, receives one, two or more owners of goods for delivery. In this case, the first leaseholder issues a bill of lading to each of the owners, not to set up a charter party with them. These credentials are issued under a charter. This type of bill of lading is not accepted by banks unless otherwise agreed upon.

E) Other types of bill of lading
Transshipment Bill of Lading
This type of bill of lading is strictly for the carriage of goods by sea and the goods are transported from one ship to another, and the origin and destination of the cargo, as well as the point of transfer of goods from the first ship to the second vessel, are specified

Fiat Commodity Bill of Lading (FBL)
The International Freight Forwarders Association has set it up for the use of combined transport agents. Fiat’s bill of lading may also be issued as a maritime bill of lading. The Fiat Bill of Lady contains the logo of the Fiat organization and the International Chamber of Commerce

(Convention Merchandise Routier (C.M.R Truck Letter
Non-tradable document used to carry goods by truck. This document is issued under international regulations for the carriage of goods by road. The truck carrying the goods of the member states of this regulation will not require a visit to the country of destination of the destination in the case of proper and healthy sealing in the country of origin

Rail Way Bill
The document is issued by railway companies at their loading stations, and Railway Company declares that the goods are delivered to the recipient of the goods and that they are responsible for their correct delivery at the destination. This type of bills is non-negotiable and cannot be transferred to another

Carrie’s Activity
International carriage activities are the direct transfer of goods from one country to another in a carrier and in accordance with a carriage contract

A. Carrier’s duties

Contracts for carriage and issuance of the bill
Providing travel documents such as Carne de Passage, Visa, Insurance, Certificate of Acceptance and etc.
The provision of necessary guarantees to the relevant authorities for obtaining necessary documents